Giải đề Achieve IELTS – Test 2 – Reading passage 3 – Ditching that Saintly Image
A. BÀI ĐỌC
Ditching that Saintly Image
Charities, it is still widely believed, are separate from the government, staffed entirely by volunteers and spend every penny donated on the cause they support. Noble stuff, but in most cases entirely wrong. Yet these misapprehensions underpin much of the trust and goodwill behind giving. And there is concern that such outdated perceptions could blow up in charities’ faces as people begin to discover what the voluntary sector is really about.
High-profile international programmes of awareness-raising activities, such as Make Poverty History, have dragged the voluntary sector into the spotlight and shown charity workers to be as much business entrepreneurs as they are angels of mercy. But with the spotlight comes scrutiny, and unless charities present compelling cases for political campaigning, six-figure salaries and paying the expenses of celebrities who go on demanding trips to refugee camps for nothing, they may get bitten. ‘If people become more sceptical about how charities use their donations, they will be less inclined to give money,’ says Nick Aldridge, director of strategy at the Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations (ACEVO).
A wide range of initiatives have been undertaken to secure long-term trust in the sector by explaining what charities do and publishing the figures. But it’s still difficult to give donors a complete picture because, unlike profit-driven businesses, charities can’t measure achievement purely by the bottom line.
The report Funding Success suggests this might explain some of the communication difficulties charities face. Nevertheless, it suggests there are sound reasons for trying. Many funders, it claims, regard high overheads on, for example, premises, publicity and so on, that are properly accounted for, as a sign of an efficiently run organisation, rather than a waste of resources. Detailed reporting can be an important element in efforts to increase transparency. Better information might also unlock more money by highlighting social problems, and explaining what might be done to address them.
Some charities are already taking steps in this direction. The Royal National Institute for the Deaf (RNID) introduced annual impact reporting, to tell people about the effects of its work in a broader sense than an annual report would usually allow.
Each impact report looks back at what has been achieved over the previous 12 months and also states the charity’s aims for the year ahead. Brian Lamb, director of communications at the RNID, says the sector has been complacent about transparency because of the high level of trust it enjoys. ‘We have not been good at educating the public on issues such as why we do a lot of campaigning,’ he says. ‘But the more high-profile the sector becomes, the more people will ask questions.’
Baroness Onora O’ Neill, chair of the Nuffield Foundation, says building trust goes deeper than providing information. She points out that the additional reporting and accounting requirements imposed on institutions across all sectors in recent years may have made them more transparent, but it has not made them more trusted. ‘… If we are to judge for ourselves, we need genuine communication in which we can question and observe, check and even challenge the evidence that others present.’ Laying out the evidence of what has been done, with all its shortcomings, may provide a rather better basis for placing – or refusing – trust than any number of glossy publications that trumpet unending success.
Not everyone thinks the public needs to be spoon-fed reams of information to maintain confidence. ‘There isn’t any evidence that there is a crisis of confidence in charities,’says Cathy Pharoah, research director at the Charities Aid Foundation. The facts support her claim. In a Charity Commission report published in November last year, the public awarded charities 6.3 out of 10 on trust. Pharoah believes key donors are savvier than they are portrayed. ‘There is heavy dependence on middle-class donors for charity income, and I would be amazed if they didn’t realise charities had to pay to get professional staff,’ she says.
She believes the biggest threats to trust are the kind of scandals that blighted the Scottish voluntary sector in 2003. Two high-profile charities, Breast Cancer Research (Scotland) and Moonbeams, were exposed for spending a fraction of their profits on their causes. The revelations created intensely damaging media coverage. Even charity stalwarts were shocked by how quickly the coverage snowballed as two bad stories turned into a sector-wide crisis. ‘Those two incidents caused a media frenzy as journalists took every opportunity to undermine the sector,’ says Fiona Duncan, director of external affairs at Capability Scotland. After suffering a media grilling herself, Duncan launched Giving Scotland to redress the balance. Fourteen charities, plus the Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations and the Institute of Fundraising Scotland, joined together to put out communications restoring confidence in charities. The Scottish Executive pledged £30,000 and, with donations from corporate supporters, the campaign was able to secure advertising worth £300,000 for a lightning two-week campaign over Christmas 2003.
Two months before the campaign was launched, The Herald newspaper published a poll revealing that 52 per cent of people were less likely to give because of the scandals. Giving Scotland did a similar poll in February 2004 and this time more than half of the population said they were more likely to consider giving because of the campaign. ‘We learned about strength in numbers and the importance of timing – because it was Christmas, we were able to get good coverage,’ says Duncan.
It was an effective rearguard campaign. The numerous proactive initiatives now underway across the UK give charities the chance to prevent the situation ever getting that bad again – but their success will depend on whether they are prepared to shed their saintly image and rally to the cause of creating a newer, bolder one.
B. BÀI TẬP
Questions 27 – 33
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27 – 33 on your answer sheet.
27. What do vve learn about charities in the first paragraph?
28. Why, in the writer’s view, is it hard for charities to inform the public properly?
29. One of the conclusions of the report ‘Funding Success’ is that
30. Baroness O’Neill’s main recommendation is that charities should
31. What is Cathy Pharoah most concerned about?
32. Why does Fiona Duncan think the ‘Giving Scotland’ campaign succeeded?
33. The writer suggests that in the future, charities
Questions 34- 40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 34 – 40 on your answer sheet, write
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
Điểm số của bạn là % - đúng / câu
C. GIẢI THÍCH ĐÁP ÁN
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Questions 27-32: dạng MCQ Cách làm:
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27 What do we learn about charities in the first paragraph |
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B Not all the funds a charity receives go on practical aid for people Mọi người vẫn nghĩ là tất cả số tiền từ thiện sẽ được dùng với mục đích hỗ trợ, nhưng trong hầu hết các trường hợp điều này là sai Tất cả thông tin đều có ở cả câu hỏi và bài đọc => Đáp án đúng là B |
Đoạn 1: Charities, it is still widely believed, are separate from government, staffed entirely by volunteers and spend every penny donated on the cause they support. Noble stuff, but in most cases entirely wrong. |
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A People trust charities because they are approved by government Có nhắc đến chính phủ, nhưng không nhắc gì đến việc người ta tin tưởng các tổ chức từ thiện liên quan gì đến chính phủ => Đáp án A là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 1: Charities, it is still widely believed, are separate from government |
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C Charities do not disclose their systems for fear of losing official status Có nhắc đến việc các tổ chức tình nguyện có thể mất hình ảnh khi công chúng phát hiện ra sự thật, tuy nhiên không đề cập gì đến việc họ chủ động không công khai cách làm việc của họ (người làm bài có thể nhầm disclose their systems cũng tương đồng với discover what the voluntary sector is really about, nhưng đây là 2 ý khác nhau. => Đáp án C là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 1: And there is concern that such outdated perceptions could blow up in charities‘ faces as people begin to discover what the voluntary sector is really about |
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D People who work for charities without pay are not fit for the job Có nhắc đến người làm việc cho các tổ chức từ thiện nhưng không đề cập đến việc họ làm không lương có phù hợp với công việc hay không => Đáp án D là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 1: Charities, it is still widely believed, are separate from government, staffed entirely by volunteers |
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28 Why, in the writer’s view, is it hard for charities to inform the public properly? |
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A They calculate success differently from other businesses Các tổ chức từ thiện không đo lường sự thành công của họ dựa trên yếu tố tài chính Tất cả thông tin đều có ở cả câu hỏi và bài đọc => Đáp án đúng là A |
Đoạn 3: A wide range of initiatives have been undertaken to secure long-term trust in the sector by explaining what charities do and publishing the figures. But it’s still difficult to give donors a complete picture because, unlike profit-driven businesses, charities can’t measure achievement purely by the bottom line. |
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B They are unable to publish a true financial report Bài đọc không nhắc đến việc các tổ chức từ thiện phải công bố báo cáo tài chính => Đáp án B là NOT GIVEN |
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C The amount of resources needed changes radically year by year Bài đọc không nhắc đến việc thay đổi qua các năm => Đáp án C là NOT GIVEN |
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D Donors may be disappointed if they see large profits in the accounts. Người quyên góp sẽ chỉ quyên góp ít tiền hơn khi họ nghi ngờ về cách các tổ chức từ thiện dùng tiền quyên góp => Đáp án D là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 2: ‘If people become more sceptical about how charities use their donations, they will be less inclined to give money” |
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29 One of the conclusions of the report ‘Funding Success’ is that |
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D clarifying the reasons for administration costs would not dissuade donors. Các nhà ủng hộ đánh giá cao việc các khoản chi phí vận hành được tính toán hợp lý Tất cả thông tin đều có ở cả câu hỏi và bài đọc => Đáp án đúng là D |
Đoạn 4: Many funders, it claims, regard high overheads on, for example, premises, publicity and so on, that are properly accounted for, as a sign of an efficiently run organisation, rather than a waste of resources. |
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A charities must cut down on any unnecessary expenditure. Không có một kết luận nào của bản báo cáo Funding Success liên quan đến việc cắt giảm chi tiêu không cần thiết => Đáp án A là NOT GIVEN |
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B raising more money for their cause should be a charity’s main aim. Không có một kết luận nào của bản báo cáo Funding Success liên quan đến mục đích chính của một tổ chức từ thiện => Đáp án B là NOT GIVEN |
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C charities should give the public an assessment of the results of their work. Không có một kết luận nào của bản báo cáo Funding Success liên quan đến việc công bố một bản đánh giá kết quả công việc của các tổ chức từ thiện |
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30 Baroness O’Neill’s main recommendation is that charities should |
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B encourage the public to examine and discuss the facts. |
Đoạn 7: Baroness Onora O’Neill, chair of the Nuffield Foundation, says building trust goes deeper than providing information. […] “If we are to judge for ourselves, we need genuine communication in which we can question and observe, check and even challenge the evidence that others present.” |
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A follow the current government requirements on reporting. Bài đọc không nhắc đến yêu cầu của chính phủ về việc báo cáo => Đáp án A là NOT GIVEN |
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C publicise any areas in which they have been effective. Bài đọc chỉ nhắc đến việc công bố báo cáo về tất cả các lĩnh vực đã tham gia, chứ không phải tất cả lĩnh vực đã tham gia một cách hiệu quả => Đáp án C là NOT GIVEN |
She points out that the additional reporting and accounting requirements imposed on institutions across all sectors in recent years may have made them more transparent, but it has not made them more trusted |
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D make sure the figures are laid out as clearly as possible. Bài đọc không nhắc đến việc các con số cần được đưa ra càng rõ càng tốt => Đáp án D là NOT GIVEN |
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31 What is Cathy Pharoah most concerned about? |
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B the effect on general donations if any charity misuses their funds Tất cả thông tin đều có ở cả câu hỏi và bài đọc => Đáp án đúng là B |
Đoạn 9: She believes the biggest threats to trust are the kind of scandals that blighted the Scottish voluntary sector in 2003. Two high-profile charities, Breast Cancer Research (Scotland) and Moonbeams, were exposed for spending a fraction of their profits on their causes. |
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A the public’s adverse reaction to the money spent on charity personnel Pharoah có nhắc đến việc những người ủng hộ biết về việc các tổ chức tình nguyện phải chi trả cho các chuyên viên, nhưng không đề cập đến phản ứng trái chiều nào (adverse reaction) => đáp án A là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 8: Pharoah believes key donors are savvier than they are portrayed. “There is heavy dependence on middle-class donors for charity income, and I would be amazed if they didn’t realise charities had to pay to get professional staff,’ she says. |
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C the reliance of many charities on a single sector of the population Pharoah có nhắc đến việc các tổ chức từ thiện phụ thuộc nhiều vào khoản đóng góp của những người ủng hộ thuộc tầng lớp trung lưu, nhưng đây không phải mối lo ngại của bà => đáp án C là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 8: Pharoah believes key donors are savvier than they are portrayed. “There is heavy dependence on middle-class donors for charity income, and I would be amazed if they didn’t realise charities had to pay to get professional staff,’ she says. |
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D the findings of a Charity Commission report on public confidence Bài đọc có nhắc đến việc Charity Commission đánh giá tổ chức từ thiện về mức độ tin tưởng của công chúng, nhưng đây không phải là mối lo ngại của bà Pharoah => đáp án D là NOT GIVEN |
In a Charity Commission report published in November last year, the public awarded charities 6.3 out of 10 on trust. |
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32 Why does Fiona Duncan think the ‘Giving Scotland campaign succeeded? |
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A The message came over strongly because so many organisations united. Tất cả thông tin đều có ở cả câu hỏi và bài đọc => Đáp án đúng là A |
Đoạn 10: Two months before the campaign was launched, The Herald newspaper published a poll revealing that 52 per cent of people were less likely to give because of the scandals. Giving Scotland did a similar poll in February 2004 and this time more than half of the population said they were more likely to consider giving because of the campaign. “We learned about strength in numbers and the importance of timing – because it was Christmas, we were able to get good coverage,’ says Duncan. |
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B People did not believe the critical stories that appeared in newspapers. Bài đọc không nhắc đến câu chuyện nào trên báo chí cả => đáp án B là NOT GIVEN |
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C Private donors paid for some advertising in the national press. Bài đọc không nhắc đến người ủng hộ nào trả tiền để chiến dịch được quảng cáo trên ấn phẩm toàn quốc => đáp án C là NOT GIVEN |
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D People forgot about the scandals over the Christmas holidays. Mọi người quyên góp vì đó là dịp Giáng sinh chứ không phải dịp Giáng sinh làm mọi người quên đi bê bối trước đó => đáp án D là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 10: “We learned about strength in numbers and the importance of timing – because it was Christmas, we were able to get good coverage,’ says Duncan. |
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33 The writer suggests that in the future, charities |
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C may find it hard to change the public’s perception of them. => Đáp án đúng là C |
Đoạn 11: The numerous proactive initiatives now underway across the UK give charities the chance to prevent the situation ever getting that bad again – but their success will depend on whether they are prepared to shed their saintly image and rally to the cause of creating a newer, bolder one. |
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A may well have to face a number of further scandals. Bài đọc không nhắc đến việc các tổ chức từ thiện sẽ tiếp tục gặp phải các bê bối trong tương lai => đáp án A là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 11: The numerous proactive initiatives now underway across the UK give charities the chance to prevent the situation ever getting that bad again |
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B will need to think up some new promotional campaigns. Bài đọc không nhắc đến chiến dịch quảng bá nào => đáp án B là NOT GIVEN |
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D will lose the public’s confidence if they modernise their image. Bài đọc có nhắc đến việc các tổ chức từ thiện cần có một hình ảnh mới nhưng không đề cập đến việc này ảnh hưởng gì tới niềm tin của công chúng => đáp án D là NOT GIVEN |
but their success will depend on whether they are prepared to shed their saintly image and rally to the cause of creating a newer, bolder one. |
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Questions 33-40: dạng TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Cách làm:
→ Nếu toàn bộ nội dung chính của câu hỏi có thể tìm thấy trong bài đọc: đáp án là TRUE/ YES → Nếu nội dung trong câu hỏi có ít nhất một lỗi sai so với nội dung bài đọc: đáp án là FALSE/ NO, → Nếu không tìm đủ toàn bộ nội dung tương ứng trong đoạn văn (ví dụ: câu hỏi có 3 nội dung chính, nhưng đoạn văn chỉ nhắc đến 2/3) hoặc không có bất cứ thông tin nào trong câu hỏi được nhắc đến trong đoạn văn: đáp án là NOT GIVEN. |
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34 Charity involvement in some prominent campaigns has meant that they are undergoing more careful examination by the public. Các thông tin ở câu hỏi đều có nội dung tương ứng ở bài đọc => đáp án là TRUE |
Đoạn 2: High-profile international programmes of awareness-raising activities, such as Make Poverty History, have dragged the voluntary sector into the spotlight. But with the spotlight comes scrutiny, […] |
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35 Famous people insist on a large fee if they appear for a charity. Người nổi tiếng thường đi các chuyến đi từ thiện mà không lấy tiền => ngược lại với câu hỏi: người nổi tiếng thường yêu cầu số tiền lớn để xuất hiện trong các chương trinh từ thiện => đáp án là FALSE |
Đoạn 2: But with the spotlight comes scrutiny, and unless charities present compelling cases for political campaigning, six-figure salaries and paying the expenses of celebrities who go on demanding trips to refugee camps for nothing, they may get bitten |
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36 The new RNID documents outline expected progress as well as detailing past achievements. Các thông tin ở câu hỏi đều có nội dung tương ứng ở bài đọc => đáp án là TRUE |
Đoạn 5: The Royal National Institute for the Deaf (RNID) introduced annual impact reporting, to tell people about the effects of its work in a broader sense than an annual report would usually allow. Each impact report looks back at what has been achieved over the previous 12 months and also states the charity’s aims for the year ahead. |
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37 People have been challenging the RNID on their promotional activities. => đáp án là FALSE |
Đoạn 6: Brian Lamb, director of communications at the RNID, says the sector has been complacent about transparency because of the high level of trust it enjoys. ‘We have not been good at educating the public on issues such as why we do a lot of campaigning,’ he says. |
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38 The two charities involved in a scandal have altered their funding programmes. Bài đọc không nhắc đến việc hai tổ chức từ thiện dính vào scandal có thay đổi kế hoạch gây quỹ của họ hay không. => đáp án là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 9: She believes the biggest threats to trust are the kind of scandals that blighted the Scottish voluntary sector in 2003.Two high-profile charities, Breast Cancer Research (Scotland) and Moonbeams, were exposed for spending a fraction of their profits on their causes. The revelations created intensely damaging media coverage. |
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39 Following the scandal, the media attacked the charity sector as a whole. => đáp án là TRUE |
Đoạn 10: The revelations created intensely damaging media coverage. Even charity stalwarts were shocked by how quickly the coverage snowballed as two bad stories turned into a sector-wide crisis. “Those two incidents caused a media frenzy as journalists took every opportunity to undermine the sector,’ says Fiona Duncan, director of external affairs at Capability Scotland. |
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40 Charity donations in Scotland are now back to their pre-scandal level. Bài đọc có so sánh số người sẵn sàng quyên góp (likely to give) chứ không phải việc quyên góp hay số tiền quyên góp (Charity donations). Thời điểm so sánh là trước và sau chiến dịch tuyên truyền “phục hồi lòng tin” của công chúng với việc từ thiện (the campaign ở đầu đoạn), chứ không phải trước và sau scandal. => đáp án là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 11: Two months before the campaign was launched, The Herald newspaper published a poll revealing that 52 per cent of people were less likely to give because of the scandals. Giving Scotland did a similar poll in February 2004 and this time more than half of the population said they were more likely to consider giving because of the campaign. |
