Đáp án và Giải chi tiết bài đọc Great migration – IELTS Reading
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Bài đọc Great migration
Great migration
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Animal migration, however it is defined, is far more than just the movement of animals. It can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular intervals – often in an annual cycle – that may involve many members of a species, and is rewarded only after a long journey. It suggests inherited instinct. The biologist Hugh Dingle has identified five characteristics that apply, in varying degrees and combinations, to all migrations. They are prolonged movements that carry animals outside familiar habitats; they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy; they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding) and arrival; they demand special allocations of energy. And one more: migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside. An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher’s boat along the way. While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies on. Why? The arctic tern resists distraction because it is driven at that moment by an instinctive sense of something we humans find admirable: larger purpose. In other words, it is determined to reach its destination. The bird senses that it can eat, rest and mate later. Right now it is totally focused on the journey; its undivided intent is arrival. Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, upon which other arctic terns have converged, will serve its larger purpose as shaped by evolution: finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch and rear offspring. But migration is a complex issue, and biologists define it differently, depending in part on what sorts of animals they study. Joe! Berger, of the University of Montana, who works on the American pronghorn and other large terrestrial mammals, prefers what he calls a simple, practical definition suited to his beasts: ‘movements from a seasonal home area away to another home area and back again’. Generally the reason for such seasonal back-and-forth movement is to seek resources that aren’t available within a single area year-round. But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean – upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators – can also be considered migration. So can the movement of aphids when, having depleted the young leaves on one food plant, their offspring then fly onward to a different host plant, with no one aphid ever returning to where it started. Dingle is an evolutionary biologist who studies insects. His definition is more intricate than Berger’s, citing those five features that distinguish migration from other forms of movement. They allow for the fact that, for example, aphids will become sensitive to blue light (from the sky) when it’s time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (reflected from tender young leaves) when it’s appropriate to land. Birds will fatten themselves with heavy feeding in advance of a long migrational flight. The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all. Human behaviour, however, is having a detrimental impact on animal migration. The pronghorn, which resembles an antelope, though they are unrelated, is the fastest land mammal of the New World. One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the plains. Here they wait out the frozen months, feeding mainly on sagebrush blown clear of snow. These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks. If they can’t pass through each of the three during their spring migration, they can’t reach their bounty of summer grazing; if they can’t pass through again in autumn, escaping south onto those windblown plains, they are likely to die trying to overwinter in the deep snow. Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, traverse high, open shoulders of land, where they can see and run. At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only about 150 metres wide, filled with private homes. Increasing development is leading toward a crisis for the pronghorn, threatening to choke off their passageway. Conservation scientists, along with some biologists and land managers within the USA’s National Park Service and other agencies, are now working to preserve migrational behaviours, not just species and habitats. A National Forest has recognised the path of the pronghorn, much of which passes across its land, as a protected migration corridor. But neither the Forest Service nor the Park Service can control what happens on private land at a bottleneck. And with certain other migrating species, the challenge is complicated further – by vastly greater distances traversed, more jurisdictions, more borders, more dangers along the way. We will require wisdom and resoluteness to ensure that migrating species can continue their journeying a while longer. |
Câu hỏi bài đọc Great migration – IELTS Reading
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Questions 6-9
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G. in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.
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A. be discouraged by difficulties. B. travel on open land where they can look out for predators. C. eat more than they need for immediate purposes. D. be repeated daily. ' E. ignore distractions. F. be governed by the availability of water. G. follow a straight line. |
Questions 10-13
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
The migration of pronghorns Pronghorns rely on their eyesight and 10 to avoid predators. One particular population’s summer habitat is a national park, and their winter home is on the 11 where they go to avoid the danger presented by the snow at that time of year. However, their route between these two areas contains three 12 . One problem is the construction of new homes in a narrow 13 of land on the pronghorns’ route. |
Điểm số của bạn là % - đúng / câu
Giải chi tiết đáp án bài đọc Great migration
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Questions 1 – 5: Dạng TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Cách làm:
Chọn đáp án bằng cách lần lượt trả lời 2 câu hỏi:
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1. Local gulls and migrating arctic terns behave in the same way when offered food.
→ Đáp án là FALSE |
Đoạn 2. An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher’s boat along the way. While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies on. |
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2. Experts’ definitions of migration tend to vary according to their area of study.
→ Đáp án là TRUE |
Đoạn 4. But migration is a complex issue, and biologists define it differently, depending in part on what sorts of animals they study. |
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3. Very few experts agree that the movement of aphids can be considered migration.
→ Đáp án là NOT GIVEN |
Đoạn 5. But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean […] can also be considered migration. So can the movement of aphids […] |
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4. Aphids’ journeys are affected by changes in the light that they perceive.
→ Đáp án là TRUE |
Đoạn 6. […] aphids will become sensitive to blue light (from the sky) when it’s time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (reflected from tender young leaves) when it’s appropriate to land. |
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5. Dingles aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.
→ Đáp án là FALSE |
Đoạn 7. The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all. |
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Questions 6 – 9: Dạng MATCHING PHRASES Cách làm:
Note:
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6. According to Dingle, migratory routes are likely to Du cư là những chuyển động kéo dài đưa động vật ra khỏi môi trường sống quen thuộc → chúng có xu hướng theo đường thẳng, không theo đường ngoằn ngoèo. => Đáp án đúng là G. follow a straight line. |
Đoạn 1. They are prolonged movements that carry animals outside familiar habitats; they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy |
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7. To prepare for migration, animals are likely to Di cư bao gồm những hành vi đặc biệt liên quan đến việc chuẩn bị (chẳng hạn như cho ăn nhiều hơn bình thường) => Đáp án là C. eat more than they need for immediate purposes. |
Đoạn 1. […] they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding) |
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8. During migration, animals are unlikely to Các loài động vật di cư luôn chú ý sâu sắc đến sứ mệnh lớn lao hơn, giúp chúng không bị phân tâm bởi những cám dỗ và không nản lòng trước những thách thức có thể khiến các loài động vật khác bỏ cuộc. => Đáp án là A. be discouraged by difficulties. |
Đoạn 1. And one more: migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside. |
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9. Arctic terns illustrate migrating animals’ ability to Chim nhạn Bắc Cực chống lại sự sao nhãng rất tốt, nó hoàn toàn tập trung vào cuộc hành trình; mục đích không thể xoá mờ của nó là đến nơi. => Đáp án là E. ignore distractions. |
Đoạn 3. The arctic tern resists distraction […] Right now it is totally focused on the journey; its undivided intent is arrival. |
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Questions 10- 13: Dạng Summary Completion without a wordlist Cách làm:
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Pronghorns rely on their eyesight and 10 ……………… to avoid predators. Từ cần điền là một danh từ do đứng sau liên từ “and” mà trước “and” là một danh từ khác. → Đáp án là speed |
Đoạn 9. Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, |
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One particular population’s summer habitat is a national park, and their winter home is on the 11 ……………… where they go to avoid the danger presented by the snow at that time of year. Từ cần điền là một danh từ do đứng sau liên từ “and” mà trước “and” là một danh từ khác. → Đáp án là plains |
Đoạn 9. One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the plains, they are likely to die trying to overwinter in the deep snow. |
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However, their route between these two areas contains three 11 ……………… Từ cần điền là một danh từ, do đứng sau từ chỉ số lượng “three”. → Đáp án là bottlenecks |
Đoạn 9. These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks. |
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One problem is the construction of new homes in a narrow 13 ……………… of land on the pronghorns’ route. Từ cần điền là một danh từ do đứng sau tính từ “narrow”. → Đáp án là corridor. |
Đoạn 9. At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only about 150 metres wide, filled with private homes. |
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