Giải chi tiết Cambridge IELTS 19 – Test 4: Listening Part 4 – Tree planting
Để cải thiện kỹ năng đọc nhằm chuẩn bị tốt cho kỳ thi IELTS, các bạn hãy luyện tập qua Cambridge IELTS 19 – Test 4 – Listening Part 4: Tree planting nhé!
A. Audio bài nghe Tree Planting
B. Bài tập
Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Tree planting
Reforestation projects should:
- include a range of tree species.
- not include invasive species because of possible 31 with native species.
- aim to capture carbon, protect the environment and provide sustainable sources of 32 for local people.
- use tree seeds with a high genetic diversity to increase resistance to 33 and climate change.
- plant trees on previously forested land which is in a bad condition, not select land which is being used for 34 .
Large-scale reforestation projects
- Base planning decisions on information from accurate 35 .
- Drones are useful for identifying areas in Brazil which are endangered by keeping 36 and illegal logging.
Lampang Province, Northern Thailand
- A forest was restored in an area damaged by mining.
- A variety of native fig trees were planted, which are important for:
- supporting many wildlife species.
- increasing the 37 of recovery by attracting animals and birds, e.g., 38 were soon attracted to the area.
Involving local communities
- Destruction of mangrove forests in Madagascar made it difficult for people to make a living from 39 .
- The mangrove reforestation project:
- provided employment for local people.
- restored a healthy ecosystem.
- protects against the higher risk of 40 .
Điểm số của bạn là % - đúng / câu
C. AUDIO SCRIPT
Tree planting now dominates political and popular agendas and is often presented as an easy answer to the climate crisis, as well as a way for business corporations to offset their carbon emissions. But unfortunately, tree planting isn’t as straightforward as some people think. When the wrong trees are planted in the wrong place, it can do considerably more damage than good, failing to help either people or the environment.
Reforestation projects are currently being undertaken on a huge scale in many countries and it’s crucial that the right trees are selected. A mix of species should always be planted, typical of the local natural forest ecosystem and including rare and endangered species in order to create a rich ecosystem. It’s important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive. Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long-term survival. Q31
Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area, but ideally any reforestation project should have several goals. These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation, improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems. Meeting as many of these goals as possible, whilst doing no harm to local communities, native ecosystems and vulnerable species, is the sign of a highly successful tree-planting scheme. To ensure the survival and resilience of a planted forest, it’s vital to use tree seeds with appropriate levels of genetic diversity: the amount of genetic variation found within a species essential for their survival. Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests, which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change. Q22/Q33
Choosing the right location for reforestation projects is as important as choosing the right trees. Ultimately, the best area for planting trees would be in formerly forested areas that are in poor condition. It’s better to avoid non-forested landscapes such as natural grasslands, savannas or wetlands as these ecosystems already contribute greatly to capturing carbon. It would also be advantageous to choose an area where trees could provide other benefits, such as recreational spaces. Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided as this often leads to other areas being deforested. Q34
Large-scale reforestation projects require careful planning. Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information. Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high-prioritv areas for intervention is essential. Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration. In Brazil, it’s being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities such as rearing cattle and illegal logging. Q35/Q36
A good example of where the right trees were picked to achieve a restored forest is in Lampang Province in Northern Thailand. A previously forested site which had been degraded through mining was reforested by a cement company together with Chiang Mai University. After spreading 60 cm of topsoil, they planted 14 different native tree species which included several species of fig. Figs are a keystone species because of the critical role they play in maintaining wildlife populations. They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals and birds which act as natural seed dispersers. This helps to promote diversity through the healthy regrowth of a wide range of plant species. Unlike the majority of fruit trees, figs bear fruit all year round, providing a reliable food source for many species. At this site, for example, after only three rainy seasons, monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits, naturally dispersing seeds through defecation. Q37/Q38
Reforestation projects should always aim to make sure that local communities are consulted and involved in the decision-making process. The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project which has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community. Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life, and also badly affected the fishing industry, which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas. The reforestation project involved hiring local people to plant and care for the new mangrove trees. Millions of mangrove trees have now been planted which has resulted in the return of a healthy aquatic ecosystem. The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change. What’s more, the local economy is more stable and thousands more Madagascans are now able to send their children to school. Q39/Q40
One other important point to consider . ..
D. ĐÁP ÁN VÀ GIẢI CHI TIẾT
Section 4: Questions 31-40 (Note Completion) Cách làm:
| |
31. not include invasive species because of possible ____ with native species Từ cần điền là một danh từ, có liên quan đến có liên quan đến mối quan hệ giữa các loài xâm lấn và các loài bản địa. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là competition | […] It’s important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive. Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long-term survival. |
32. aim to capture carbon, protect the environment and provide sustainable sources of ____ for local people Từ cần điền là một danh từ đề cập tới mục đích của dự án trồng rừng là cung cấp các nguồn gì đó cho người địa phương Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là food | […] Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area, but ideally any reforestation project should have several goals. These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation, improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems. |
33. use tree seeds with a high genetic diversity to increase resistance to ____ and climate change Từ cần điền là một danh từ, có liên quan đến việc sử dụng những hạt giống có độ đa dạng gen cao thì giúp tăng sức đề kháng cho cái gì đó. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là disease | […] Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests, which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change. |
34. plant trees on previously forested land which is in a bad condition, not select land which is being used for ____ Từ cần điền là một danh từ, liên quan đến việc không nên chọn những vùng đất mà đang được sử dụng cho nông nghiệp. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là agriculture | […] Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided as this often leads to other areas being deforested. |
35. Base planning decisions on information from accurate ____ Từ cần điền là một danh từ, nói về các quyết định hoạch định phải dựa trên thông tin từ một cái gì đó chính xác. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là maps | […] Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information. Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high-priority areas for intervention is essential. |
36. Drones are useful for identifying areas in Brazil which are endangered by keeping ____ and illegal logging. Từ cần điền là một danh từ, nói về việc máy bay không người lái giúp xác định những khu vực ở Brazil mà bị đe dọa do việc khai thác gỗ trái phép và điều gì đó. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là cattle | […] Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration. In Brazil, it’s being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities such as rearing cattle and illegal logging. |
37. increasing the ____ of recovery by attracting animals and birds Từ cần điền là một danh từ, nói về việc tăng cái gì đó của việc hồi phục thông qua việc thu hút các động loài động vật và chim. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là speed | […] They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals and birds which act as natural seed dispersers. |
38. increasing the speed of recovery by attracting animals and birds, e.g., ____were soon attracted to the area. Từ cần điền là một danh từ, nói về một loài động vật đã được thu hút đến khu vực này. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là monkeys | […] At this site, for example, after only three rainy seasons, monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits, naturally dispersing seeds through defecation. |
39. Destruction of mangrove forests in Madagascar made it difficult for people to make a living from ____ Từ cần điền là một danh từ, liên quan đến việc hậu quả của việc phá rừng đước ở Madagascar đã khiến mọi người khó kiếm sống bằng nghề gì Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là fishing | […] The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project which has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community. Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life, and also badly affected the fishing industry, which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas. |
40. protects against the higher risk of ____ Từ cần điền là một danh từ, liên quan đến việc trồng những rừng đước ngập mặn thì sẽ giúp tránh nguy cơ gì đó. Cụ thể:
⇒ Đáp án là flooding | […] The mangroves also act as a defense against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change. |