Giải đề Cam 19 – Test 1: Listening Section 4 – Céide Fields

Giải đề Cambridge IELTS 19 – Test 1: Listening Part 4 – Céide Fields

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A. Bài nghe Céide Fields

B. Audio Script

For my presentation today, I’m going to talk about the Céide Fields in the northwest of Ireland, one of the largest Neolithic sites in the world. I recently visited this site and observed the work that is currently being done by a team of archaeologists there.

The site was first discovered in the 1930s by a local teacher, Patrick Caulfield. He noticed that when local people were digging in the bog, they were constantly hitting against what seemed to be rows of stones. He realised that these must be walls Q31 and that they must be thousands of years old for them to predate the bog which subsequently grew over them.

He wrote to the National Museum in Dublin to ask them to investigate, but no one took him seriously. It wasn’t until 40 years later, when Patrick Caulfield’s son Seamus, who had become an archaeologist Q32 by then, began to explore further. He inserted iron probes into the bog to map the formation of the stones, a traditional method which local people had always used for finding fuel buried Q33 in the bog for thousands of years. Carbon dating later proved that the site was over 5,000 years old and was the largest Neolithic site in Ireland.

Thanks to the bog which covers the area, the remains of the settlement at Céide Fields, which is over 5,000 years old, are extremely well-preserved. A bog is 90 percent water; its soil is so saturated that when the grasses and heathers that grow on its surface die, they don’t fully decay but accumulate in layers. Objects remain so well preserved in these conditions because of the acidity of the peat and the deficiency of oxygen Q34. At least 175 days of rain a year are required for this to happen; this part of Ireland gets an average of 225 days.


The Neolithic farmers at Céide would have enjoyed several centuries of relative peace and stability. Neolithic farmers generally lived in larger communities than their predecessors, with a number of houses built around a community building. As they lived in permanent settlements, Neolithic farmers were able to build bigger houses. These weren’t round as people often assume, but rectangular Q35 with a small hole in the roof that allowed smoke to escape. This is one of many innovations and indicates that the Neolithic farmers were the first people to cook indoors. Another new technology that Neolithic settlers brought to Ireland was pottery. Fragments of Neolithic pots have been found in Céide and elsewhere in Ireland. The pots were used for many things; as well as for storing food, pots were filled with a small amount of fat and when this was set alight, they served as lamps Q36.

It’s thought that the Céide Fields were mainly used as paddocks for animals to graze in. Evidence from the Céide Fields suggests that each plot of land was of a suitable size to sustain an extended family Q37. They may have used a system of rotational grazing in order to prevent over-grazing and to allow for plant recovery and regrowth. This must have been a year-round activity as no structures have been found which would have been used to shelter animals in the winter. Q38


However, archaeologists believe that this way of life at Céide ceased abruptly. Why was this? Well, several factors may have contributed to the changing circumstances. The soil would have become less productive Q39 and led to the abandonment of farming. The crop rotation system was partly responsible for this as it would have been very intensive and was not sustainable. But there were also climatic pressures too. The farmers at Céide would have enjoyed a relatively dry period, but this began to change and the conditions became wetter as there was a lot more rain Q40. It was these conditions that encouraged the bog to form over the area which survives today.

So now I’d like to show you some … 

Questions 31–40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Céide Fields

an important Neolithic archaeological site in the northwest of Ireland

Discovery

In the 1930s, a local teacher realised that stones beneath the bog surface were once 31 .

His 32 became an archaeologist and undertook an investigation of the site:

- a traditional method used by local people to dig for 33 was used to identify where stones were located

- carbon dating later proved the site was Neolithic.

Items are well preserved in the bog because of a lack of 34 .

Neolithic farmers

Houses were 35 in shape and had a hole in the roof.

Neolithic innovations include:

- cooking indoors

- pots used for storage and to make 36 .

Each field at Céide was large enough to support a big 37 .

The fields were probably used to restrict the grazing of animals – no evidence of structures to house them during 38 .

Reasons for the decline in farming

a decline in 39 quality

an increase in 40

Điểm số của bạn là % - đúng / câu

D. Giải thích đáp án chi tiết

Section 1: Question 31-40 Dạng Note Completion

Cách làm:

  • Bước 1: Đọc lướt các chỗ trống cần điền đáp án. Khoanh tròn giới hạn từ cần điền

  • Bước 2: Đoán nhanh xem liệu loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống là loại từ gì (danh từ, động từ, tính từ hay trạng từ) và xác định dạng từ (tên quốc gia, tên người, con số ….)

  • Bước 3: Xác định những từ khóa trong câu chứa chỗ trống cần điền.

  • Bước 4: Nghe và lựa chọn đáp án

Lưu ý: Các dự đoán chỉ là tương đối và sẽ tùy thuộc vào kiến thức của từng cá nhân về chủ đề. Nếu không thể đoán được nội dung của ô trống, hãy cố gắng ít nhất đoán được dạng từ.

31. In the 1930s, a local teacher realized that stones beneath the bog surface were once _____

Từ cần điền có thể là 1 loại vật liệu nào đó hoặc 1 tính từ.

Khi người dân đào xuyên qua đầm lầy, họ chạm phải 1 thứ có vẻ như 1 dải đá. Patrick Caulfield suy luận đây chắc hẳn là 1 dãy tường.

⇒ Đáp án là walls

[…] The site was first discovered in 1930s by a local teacher […] when local people were digging in the bog, they were constantly hitting against what seemed to be rows of stones. He realized that these must be walls and that they must be

thousands of years old for them to predate the bog which subsequently grew over them

32. His _____ became an archaeologist and undertook an investigation of the site 

Archaeologist là 1 nghề nghiệp, do đó khả năng cao nhất ô trống sẽ là 1 người nào đó.

 

Người được nói đến chính là con trai của Patrick Caulfield.

⇒ Đáp án là son

[…] Patrick Caulfield’s son Seamus, who had become an archaeologist by then, began to explore further.

33. a traditional method used by local people to dig for ______was used to identify where stones were located 

Từ cần điền là một thứ gì đó ở dưới lòng đất 

Seamus sử dụng 1 đầu dò để định vị các hòn đá ở dưới đất. Đây là cách mà các người dân địa phương sử dụng để tìm Nhiên liệu

⇒ Đáp án là fuel

[…] He inserted iron probes into the bog to map the formation of the stones. A traditional method which local people had always used for finding fuel buried in the bog for thousands of years

34. Items are well preserved in the bog because of the lack of _____

Đi sau “a lack of” sẽ là 1 danh từ.

Các vật thể ở dưới đáy được bảo quản rất tốt vì không có nhiều Oxy (oxy hóa)

⇒ Đáp án là oxygen 

[…] Objects remain so well preserved in these conditions because of the acidity of the peat and the deficiency of oxygen 

35. Houses were ______in shape and had a hole in the roof

Đi trước cụm từ “in shape” sẽ là 1 hình dạng nào đó (vuông, tròn, tam giác…) 

Nhà ở đây không tròn như người ta nghĩ, mà là hình chữ nhật.

 

⇒ Đáp án là rectangular 

[…] As they lived in permanent settlements […] able to build bigger houses. These weren’t round as people often assume, but rectangular with a small hole

36. Pots used for storage and to make ________

Từ cần điền là 1 danh từ được tạo thành bên trong chiếc bình (pot) 

Ngoài chức năng chứa đồ ăn, người ta có thể thêm 1 chút mỡ và dùng làm đèn

⇒ Đáp án là lamps

[…] The pots were used for many things, as well as for storing food, pots were filled with a small amount of fat and when this was set alight, they served as lamps

37. Each field at Céide was large enough to support a big______

Từ cần điền là 1 danh từ (có mạo từ ‘a’ ở phía trước).

Mỗi một thửa đất đủ rộng để có thể nuôi sống một gia đình lớn. Ở đây word limit là 1 từ, vậy chúng ta chọn gia đình.

⇒ Đáp án là family 

[…] It’s thought that the Céide fields were mainly used as paddocks […] Evidence from the Ceide Fields suggests that each plot of land was of a suitable size to sustain an extended family. 

38. The fields were probably used to restrict the grazing of animals no evidence of structures to house them during_______

Từ cần điền là 1 danh từ có liên quan đến thời gian. 

Không có bằng chứng cho thấy có nơi để chứa động vật trong mùa đông

⇒ Đáp án là winter. 

[…] They may have used a system…in order to prevent overgrazing….This must have been a year-round activity as no structures have been found which would have been used to shelter animals in the winter

39.  Reasons for the decline in farming:

  • A decline in ________ quality

Từ cần điền sẽ là 1 danh từ (chất lượng của 1 điều gì đó)

Đất trồng trở nên kém năng suất hơn và dẫn đến sự bỏ bê việc trồng trọt 

⇒ Đáp án là soil 

[…] However, archaeologists believe that this way of life at Céide ceased abruptly. [….] The soil would have become less productive and led to the abandonment of farming.

40.  Reasons for the decline in farming:

  • A decline in soil quality

  • an increase in _______

Từ cần điền là sẽ là 1 danh từ (sự tăng lên của 1 điều gì đó

Câu “But there were also climatic pressures” cho 1 tín hiệu về đáp án có thể liên quan đến thời tiết. 

Ngoài ra từ “also” ra tín hiệu đây là 1 yếu tố thứ 2 (tương ứng với gạch đầu dòng thứ 2)

 

Điều kiện khí hậu trở nên ướt hơn bởi vì có nhiều mưa hơn.

⇒ Đáp án là rain

[…] However, archaeologists believe that this way of life at Céide ceased abruptly. […] The soil would have become less productive and led to the abandonment of farming […] 

But there were also climatic pressures too […]  but this began to change and the conditions became wetter as there was a lot more rain